Scientific Calculator
Advanced mathematical functions with trigonometry, logarithms, and scientific operations
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Calculator Features
Basic Operations
Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (×), Division (÷), Exponentiation (x^y), Modulo (mod)
Trigonometric Functions
sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan
Supports both degrees and radians
Logarithmic Functions
Natural logarithm (ln), Common logarithm (log), Exponential (e^x), Power of 10 (10^x)
Advanced Functions
Square root (√), Cube root (∛), Square (x²), Cube (x³), Factorial (n!), Reciprocal (1/x), Absolute value (|x|)
Memory Functions
MS (Store), MR (Recall), M+ (Add), M- (Subtract), MC (Clear)
Keyboard Shortcuts
• Numbers 0-9: Input digits
• +, -, *, /: Operations
• Enter or =: Calculate
• Escape or C: Clear all
• Backspace: Delete last digit
Scientific Calculator: Trig, Logarithms, Exponents & More
Our free online Scientific Calculator handles the full range of advanced mathematical operations — trigonometry (sin, cos, tan), logarithms (ln, log₁₀), exponents, roots, factorials, and mathematical constants. Works in both degree and radian modes. No install needed.
Scientific Function Reference
| Function | Key | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sine | sin | sin(30°) | 0.5 |
| Cosine | cos | cos(60°) | 0.5 |
| Tangent | tan | tan(45°) | 1 |
| Natural log | ln | ln(e) | 1 |
| Log base 10 | log | log(1000) | 3 |
| Square root | √ | √144 | 12 |
| Power | xʸ | 2¹⁰ | 1,024 |
| Factorial | n! | 8! | 40,320 |
| Pi | π | π × 5² | 78.54 |
| Euler's number | e | e³ | 20.09 |
How to Use the Scientific Calculator
- Select angle mode — choose Degrees (DEG) for everyday trig problems and Radians (RAD) for calculus, physics, and most programming contexts.
- Enter your expression — use the on-screen buttons or keyboard shortcuts. Parentheses are fully supported for order-of-operations control.
- Apply functions — press sin, cos, tan, ln, log, √ etc. before entering the number; the calculator wraps the next entry in the function.
- Use memory — MS (memory store), MR (memory recall), M+ (add to memory), M− (subtract from memory) for multi-step calculations.
- Review history — scroll through your calculation log to copy or reuse previous results.
Example Calculations
Example 1 — Solving a Right Triangle
A right triangle has an opposite side of 5 m and hypotenuse of 10 m. Find the angle at the base.
- sin(θ) = 5 ÷ 10 = 0.5
- θ = sin⁻¹(0.5) = 30°
- Adjacent side = √(10² − 5²) = √75 = 8.66 m
Example 2 — Compound Growth
Population of 50,000 grows at 3% per year for 20 years.
- Formula: P = 50,000 × e^(0.03 × 20)
- Exponent: 0.03 × 20 = 0.6
- e^0.6 ≈ 1.8221
- Population = 50,000 × 1.8221 = 91,106
Frequently Asked Questions
When should I use degrees vs radians?
Use degrees for everyday problems — angles in geometry, construction, navigation, and most school-level trig. Use radians for calculus (derivatives of trig functions are cleanest in radians), physics (angular velocity, wave equations), and programming (JavaScript's Math.sin() and Python's math.sin() both expect radians). Convert: radians = degrees × π/180.
What is the difference between ln and log on a calculator?
ln is the natural logarithm (base e ≈ 2.71828). It appears in continuous growth/decay formulas, entropy, and many calculus expressions. log (without a base written) is log base 10 on most calculators — used in chemistry (pH), acoustics (decibels), and Richter scale calculations. To convert: log₁₀(x) = ln(x) ÷ ln(10) ≈ ln(x) ÷ 2.3026.
What does EXP mean on a scientific calculator?
EXP (or ×10ˣ) is used to enter numbers in scientific notation. Pressing 6.02 EXP 23 enters 6.02 × 10²³ (Avogadro's number). It is not the same as the e^x (exponential) button — EXP enters a power-of-10 exponent for efficient entry of very large or very small numbers like 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹.
How do I calculate factorials on a scientific calculator?
Enter the integer n, then press the n! button (may be labeled x! or factorial). Example: 10! = 3,628,800. Factorials grow very quickly — most calculators can only display up to 69! before returning an overflow error. For combinations and permutations, use the nCr and nPr functions if available, as they compute without overflow by canceling common factors.
What do the memory keys MS, MR, M+, and M− do?
MS (Memory Store) saves the current display value to memory, replacing any previous stored value. MR (Memory Recall) displays the stored value without clearing it. M+ adds the current displayed value to the stored memory value. M− subtracts the current value from memory. MC (Memory Clear) erases the stored value. Use them to hold an intermediate result while you calculate another step.
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